FIELD MANUAL
 HEADQUARTERS
 
No. 3-22.9 (FM 23-9)
 DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY
 
  WASHINGTON, DC, 24 APRIL 2003
 

FM 3-22.9 


RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP
M16A1, M16A2/3, M16A4 and M4 CARBINE 


PREFACE

CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION AND TRAINING STRATEGY
Section
 I.   Training Overview
 
  1-1. Objectives
 
  1-2. Training Strategy
 
  1-3. Training Phases
 
Section
 II.   Marksmanship Training Strategy
 
  1-4. Mission-Essential Tasks
 
  1-5. Training Assessment
 
  1-6. Basic Program Implementation
 
  1-7. Training the Trainer
 
  1-8. Duties of the Instructor-Trainer
 
  1-9. Trainer Certification Program
 
  1-10. Qualification Training
 
  1-11. Unit Live-Fire Exercises
 
  1-12. Commander's Evaluation Guide
 

CHAPTER 2. CHARACTERISTICS, AMMUNITION, AND ACCESSORIES 
  2-1. Characteristics
 
  2-2. Rail Adapter System
 
  2-3. Rail Grabbers and MILES Training Extender
 
  2-4. Backup Iron Sight
 
  2-5. M68, Close-Combat Optic
 
  2-6. AN/PAQ-4B/C Infrared Aiming Light
 
  2-7. AN/PEQ-2A Target Pointer/Illuminator/Aiming Light
 
  2-8. AN/PAS-13 (V2) Medium Thermal Weapon Sight and AN/PAS-13 (V3)
Heavy Thermal Weapon Sight
 
  2-9. AN/PVS-4 Night Vision Sight
 
  2-10. Borelight
 
  2-11. Ammunition Types and Characteristics
 

CHAPTER 3. TROUBLESHOOTING AND DESTRUCTION
  3-1. Stoppages
 
  3-2. Malfunctions
 
  3-3. Destruction Procedures
 

CHAPTER 4. PRELIMINARY RIFLE INSTRUCTION (PHASE I of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
Section
 I.   Introduction to Basic Rifle Marksmanship and Mechanical Training
 
  4-1. Clearing
 
  4-2. Cycles of Functioning
 
  4-3. Modes of Fire
 
  4-4. Peer Coaching
 
Section
 II.   Marksmanship Fundamentals I
 
  4-5. The Four Fundamentals
 
  4-6. Firing Positions
 
  4-7. Training Devices and Exercises
 
Section
 III.   Marksmanship Fundamentals II
 
  4-8. Weaponeer
 
  4-9. Engagement Skills Trainer 2000 (EST 2000)
 

CHAPTER 5. DOWNRANGE FEEDBACK (PHASE II of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
  5-1. Grouping Procedures
 
  5-2. Zeroing Procedures
 
  5-3. Known-Distance Range (With or Without LOMAH)
 
  5-4. Effects of Wind and Gravity
 
  5-5. Ballistics
 

CHAPTER 6. FIELD FIRE (PHASE III of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
Section
 I.   Target Detection
 
  6-1. Locating Targets
 
  6-2. Marking Targets
 
  6-3. Range Determination
 
Section
 II.   Field-Fire Training (Single Timed Targets and Multiple Timed Targets)
 
  6-4. Conduct of Field-Fire Range
 
  6-5. Field-Fire Standards
 
Section
 III.   Record Qualification
 
  6-6. Practice Record Fire I and II
 
  6-7. Practice Record Fire Standards
 
  6-8. Record Fire
 
  6-9. Alternate Qualification Courses
 

CHAPTER 7. ADVANCED RIFLE MARKSMANSHIP (PHASE IV of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
Section
 I.   Advanced Firing Positions
 
  7-1. Alternate Prone Firing Position
 
  7-2. Kneeling Supported Firing Position
 
  7-3. Kneeling Unsupported Firing Position
 
  7-4. Standing Firing Position
 
  7-5. Modified Supported Firing Position
 
  7-6. Urban Operations Firing Positions
 
  7-7. Modified Automatic and Burst Fire Position
 
Section
 II.   Combat Fire Techniques
 
  7-8. Rapid Semiautomatic Fire
 
  7-9. Automatic or Burst Fire
 
  7-10. Suppressive Fire
 
  7-11. Quick Fire
 
Section
 III.   Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Firing
 
  7-12. MOPP Equipment Fire Training
 
  7-13. NBC Dry-Fire and Live-Fire Exercises
 
Section
 IV.   Night Fire Training
 
  7-14. Unassisted Night Fire Training
 
  7-15. Unassisted Night Fire Target Detection
 
  7-16. Training with Artificial Illumination
 
  7-17. Unassisted Night Dry-Fire and Live-Fire Exercises
 
Section
 V.   Moving Target Engagement
 
  7-18. Moving Target Fundamentals
 
  7-19. Single-Lead Rule for Moving Targets
 
  7-20. Moving Target Live-Fire Exercise
 
  7-21. Moving Target Techniques
 
Section
 VI.   Short-Range Marksmanship Training
 
  7-22. Conduct of Short-Range Marksmanship Training
 
  7-23. Fundamentals of Short-Range Marksmanship
 
  7-24. Preliminary Marksmanship Instruction
 
  7-25. Phase I, Reflexive Fire Training
 
  7-26. Phase II, Target Discrimination Training
 
  7-27. Phase III, Short-Range Marksmanship Qualification
 
  7-28. Phase IV, Shotgun and Automatic Firing Familiarization
 
Section
 VII.   Squad Designated Marksman Training
 
  7-29. Mission of the Squad Designated Marksman
 
  7-30. Squad Designated Marksman Program
 
  7-31. Squad Designated Marksman Skills Progression
 

CHAPTER 8. ADVANCED OPTICS, LASERS, AND IRON SIGHTS (PHASE V of Basic Rifle Marksmanship)
  8-1. Training Strategies and Qualification Standards
 
  8-2. Borelight
 
  8-3. Back-Up Iron Sight
 
  8-4. M68, Close-Combat Optic
 
  8-5. AN/PAS-13 (V2), (V3) Thermal Weapon Sight
 
  8-6. AN/PAQ-4B/C and AN/PEQ-2A, Infrared Aiming Lasers
 
  8-7. AN/PVS-4 Night Vision Device
 

APPENDIX A. TRAINING AIDS AND DEVICES 
APPENDIX B. SCORECARDS 
APPENDIX C. LASER MARKSMANSHIP TRAINING SYSTEM 
APPENDIX D. RANGE SAFETY AND RISK MANAGEMENT 
APPENDIX E. RANGE PROCEDURES AND RANGE OPERATION CHECKLIST 
APPENDIX F. ACTIONS, CONDITIONS, AND STANDARDS 
APPENDIX G. 10-METER TARGET OFFSETS AND 25-METER ZERO OFFSETS 
APPENDIX H. NIGHT FIGHTING 

  GLOSSARY